Introduction: Hospital custody faces multiple occupational issues and, as a result, are more susceptible to psychological vulnerabilities than other employees. So they need more support. For this purpose, the present study with the focus on examining the Relation of work overload factors on work consequences, with mediating variables, Social Support among medical team of Imam Reza Hospital, Urmia-Iran. Methods: The current research is a descriptive-analytic study of structural equation modeling. Population of the survey was 540 medical team members of Imam Reza hospital, from among them 200 members were selected as sample of the study by the use of random selection. Data collection tools that were used, were questionnaires on Work Overload (1982), Social Support (2006), Job Stress (2009), Job Motivation (2004), Job Satisfaction (2015), Job Performance (2014), Work Engagement and Turnover (2015) Intention. Their validity was confirmed through structural validity and reliability through Cronbach's alpha. Factor analysis and Structural Equation Modeling (SPSS 22) and LISREL 8. 5 software were used to analyze the data and examine the relationships between variables and presenting the structural model. Results: The results show that variables of Work Overload have positive effect on positive Work Consequences with the mediating role of Social Support (β = 45. 85). Also variables of Work Overload factors have positive effect on Work Consequences with the mediating role of Social Support (β = 45. 85). Conclusions: Considering that social support has an inevitable effect on reducing occupational stress, as well as increasing satisfaction, performance, motivation and career aspiration, it is recommended that hospital authorities establish effective support systems in and out of work environments as an effective method. In order to reduce stress and increase satisfaction, performance, motivation and career enthusiasm of the medical staff.

The current paper is based on a qualitative study in which the consequences and outcomes of street life for work girls in Tehran have been investigated. In order to collect data, qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 girls (aged 8 to 16 years) who had the experience of working on the streets. The data were analyzed using the Colaizzi method. The findings of this research demonstrate that    the consequences and outcomes of the presence of work girls on the streets can be categorized into the three main categories of ‘street dangers and distorted girlhood’, ‘helplessness together with constant fears and anxieties’, also ‘the girls’ disrupted childhood and the poverty cycle’. Moreover, the findings of the current research indicate that the participants’ strategies in coping with the phenomenon of their work on the streets can also be categorized into four main classifications of ‘marriage’, ‘adherence to religious values’, ‘creating home employment’, and ‘wishing to return home’. Overall, the results of this research demonstrate that although work in the streets has many negative consequences and outcomes for work girls, their work (influenced by their inferior position in the society, the conflict of expectations and role models with gender, and gender relations) has additional and long-term consequences for them.

Background: Engaged nurses have high levels of energy and are enthusiastic about their work which impacts quality of health care services. However, in the context of Iran, due to observed burnout, work engagement among nurses necessitates immediate exploration.Objectives: This investigation aimed to identify a suitable work engagement model in nursing profession in hospitals according to the hypothesized model and to determine antecedents and consequences related to work engagement among nurses.Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was given to 279 randomly-selected nurses working in two general teaching hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (Shiraz, Iran) to measure antecedents and consequences of work engagement using the Saks’s (2005) model. Structural Equation Modeling was used to examine the model fitness.Results: Two paths were added using LISREL software. The resulting model showed good fitness indices (c2=23.62, AGFI=0.93, CFI=0.97, RMSEA=0.07) and all the coefficients of the paths were significant (t³2, t£-2). A significant correlation was found between work engagement and model variables.Conclusions: Paying adequate attention to the antecedents of work engagement can enhance the quality of performance among nurses. Additionally, rewards, organizational and supervisory supports, and job characteristics should be taken into consideration to establish work engagement among nurses. Further researches are required to identify other probable antecedents and consequences of nursing work engagement, which might be related to specific cultural settings.

Nowadays, populism or the utilization of public opinion is the main approach of politicians in governing societies. Criminal policymakers are also influenced by society’ s opinionin. Public opinion is in fact a generally accepted judgment that portrays an emotional aspect and has the possibility to be incorrect, however is true. By accepting the influence of the general public’ s opinion on the events and actions of society, especially the phenomenon of criminal act, it automatically creates negative and positive consequences in the criminal justice system. If public opinion is controlled by policy makers for their personal benefit, and by exaggerating various crimes through media, fear and discourse tends to develop with in society. However, if public opinion is controlled desirably, from through official channels, and if it informs and provides accurate and scientific information the phenomenon of crime and its causes and methods of prevention, This would to the protection of the rights’ s the accused, the victim and the society by observing the principle of speed in the investigation and the application of appropriate punishment. The authors of article try to depict and analyze the given data by using data collection methods. However, unlike the vast research that has been conducted in similar positions of analyzing negative consequences of populism in criminal policy, This study introduces the positive consequences of this approach and explains its positive points such as observing the principle of reasonable speed in the trial and using reasonable punishment and certainty in its application, and offers corrective suggestions.

Objectives: The present paper attempted to discover the behaviour of fertility differentials across the districts of Punjab, Pakistan. More precisely, it aimed to investigate some salient determinants of fertility differential through fitted regression line and scatter plot including the confidence interval. Materials and Methods: Data in this study were gathered from Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2013-2014. The regression analysis was employed to evaluate the relationship of fertility determinants, followed by plotting two-way scatter plots and confidence intervals. For the empirical analysis, the total fertility rate (TFR) was taken as an outcome variable while the employment rate, under-five mortality, and contraceptive use were considered as determinants. Results: The results indicated that child mortality is a very significant variable in determining the level of fertility and it had the coefficient value of 0. 0096. It was further found that child mortality has a positive relationship with fertility rates. Thus, child mortality must be reduced to overcome the issue of high fertility rates at the district level of Punjab. Contraceptive use was also a very effective variable regarding determining the level of fertility and had a negative coefficient value of-0. 033. Finally, the employment rate was a very useful variable for the determination of fertility level. Conclusions: The empirical results revealed that child mortality should be reduced in order to decrease the level of fertility in Punjab, Pakistan, and contraceptive use should develop through family planning programs.